What effect does an alkaline solution have on hair?

An alkaline solution affects hair by swelling and opening the cuticle. Hair is composed of layered cells that form the outer cuticle, which protects the inner structures. When an alkaline solution is applied, it raises the pH level of the hair, causing the cuticle layers to lift. This lifting allows for better penetration of hair products, such as color or treatments, but can also lead to potential damage if used excessively. Understanding this interaction is crucial in hair care and chemical processes, as proper pH levels are necessary to maintain hair health and integrity. This is why managing the pH during services like coloring or perming is vital to achieving the desired results without compromising the hair's condition.